Abp 源码分析:五、系统设置

0.简要介绍

Abp 本身有两种设置,一种就是 上一篇文章 所介绍的模块配置 Configuration,该配置主要用于一些复杂的数据类型设置,不仅仅是字符串,也有可能是一些 C# 运行时的一些变量。另外一种则是本篇文章所讲的 Setting,Setting 主要用于配置一些简单的参数,比如 SMTP 地址,数据库连接字符串等一些基本的配置类型可以使用 Setting 来进行处理。

1.代码分析

1.1 启动流程

我们先来看一下设置是怎样被加入到 Abp 框架当中,并且是如何来使用它的。

在 Abp 框架内部开发人员可以通过 ISettingsConfiguration 的 Providers 属性来添加自己实现的 SettingProvider ,而 ISettingsConfiguration 的初始化是在上一篇文章所写的 AbpBootstrapper.Initialize() 里面进行初始化的。

开发人员通过继承 SettingProvider 来提供这些设置信息,并且在模块的 PreInitialize() 方法当中通过 Configuration 来添加书写好的配置提供者。

在模块进行初始化之后(也就是在 PostInitiailze() 方法内部),所有开发人员定义的 SettingProvider 通过 ISettingDefinitionManagerInitialize() 方法存储到一个 Dictionary 里面。

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public sealed class AbpKernelModule : AbpModule
{
	// 其他代码
	public override void PostInitialize()
	{
    	// 其他代码
		IocManager.Resolve<SettingDefinitionManager>().Initialize();
        // 其他代码
	}
}

Initialize() 方法内部:

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private readonly IDictionary<string, SettingDefinition> _settings;

public void Initialize()
{
	var context = new SettingDefinitionProviderContext(this);

	foreach (var providerType in _settingsConfiguration.Providers)
	{
		using (var provider = CreateProvider(providerType))
		{
			foreach (var settings in provider.Object.GetSettingDefinitions(context))
			{
				_settings[settings.Name] = settings;
			}
		}
	}
}

对外则是通过 ISettingManager 来进行管理的。

所有的设置项是通过 ServiceProvider 来提供的。

设置的持久化配置则是通过 ISettingStore 来实现的,开发者可以通过替换 ISettingStore 的实现达到持久化到数据库或者是其他位置。

1.2 典型用法

1.2.1 设置提供者定义

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internal class EmailSettingProvider : SettingProvider
{
	public override IEnumerable<SettingDefinition> GetSettingDefinitions(SettingDefinitionProviderContext context)
	{
		return new[]
			   {
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Host, "127.0.0.1", L("SmtpHost"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Port, "25", L("SmtpPort"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.UserName, "", L("Username"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Password, "", L("Password"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Domain, "", L("DomainName"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.EnableSsl, "false", L("UseSSL"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.UseDefaultCredentials, "true", L("UseDefaultCredentials"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.DefaultFromAddress, "", L("DefaultFromSenderEmailAddress"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant),
				   new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.DefaultFromDisplayName, "", L("DefaultFromSenderDisplayName"), scopes: SettingScopes.Application | SettingScopes.Tenant)
			   };
	}

	private static LocalizableString L(string name)
	{
		return new LocalizableString(name, AbpConsts.LocalizationSourceName);
	}
}

1.2.2 注入设置提供者

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public sealed class AbpKernelModule : AbpModule
{
	public override void PreInitialize()
	{
		// 其他代码
		Configuration.Settings.Providers.Add<EmailSettingProvider>();
		// 其他代码
	}
}

注入之后,那么相应的模块如何得到已经注入的配置项呢?

我们拿一个最直观的例子来展示一下,这里我们来到 Abp 项目的 Email 模块,来看看它是如何使用的。

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public class DefaultMailKitSmtpBuilder : IMailKitSmtpBuilder, ITransientDependency
{
	private readonly ISmtpEmailSenderConfiguration _smtpEmailSenderConfiguration;

	public DefaultMailKitSmtpBuilder(ISmtpEmailSenderConfiguration smtpEmailSenderConfiguration)
	{
		_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration = smtpEmailSenderConfiguration;
	}

	public virtual SmtpClient Build()
	{
		var client = new SmtpClient();

		try
		{
			ConfigureClient(client);
			return client;
		}
		catch
		{
			client.Dispose();
			throw;
		}
	}

	protected virtual void ConfigureClient(SmtpClient client)
	{
		client.Connect(
			_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration.Host,
			_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration.Port,
			_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration.EnableSsl
		);

		if (_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration.UseDefaultCredentials)
		{
			return;
		}

		client.Authenticate(
			_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration.UserName,
			_smtpEmailSenderConfiguration.Password
		);
	}
}

可以看到以上代码通过 ISmtpEmailSenderConfiguration 来拿到 SMTP 对应的主机名与端口号,那这与我们的 ISettingManager 又有何关系呢?

其实我们转到 ISmtpEmailSenderConfiguration 的实现 SmtpEmailSenderConfiguration 就清楚了。

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public class SmtpEmailSenderConfiguration : EmailSenderConfiguration, ISmtpEmailSenderConfiguration, ITransientDependency
{
	/// <summary>
	/// SMTP Host name/IP.
	/// </summary>
	public virtual string Host
	{
		get { return GetNotEmptySettingValue(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Host); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// SMTP Port.
	/// </summary>
	public virtual int Port
	{
		get { return SettingManager.GetSettingValue<int>(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Port); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// User name to login to SMTP server.
	/// </summary>
	public virtual string UserName
	{
		get { return GetNotEmptySettingValue(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.UserName); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Password to login to SMTP server.
	/// </summary>
	public virtual string Password
	{
		get { return GetNotEmptySettingValue(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Password); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Domain name to login to SMTP server.
	/// </summary>
	public virtual string Domain
	{
		get { return SettingManager.GetSettingValue(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Domain); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Is SSL enabled?
	/// </summary>
	public virtual bool EnableSsl
	{
		get { return SettingManager.GetSettingValue<bool>(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.EnableSsl); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Use default credentials?
	/// </summary>
	public virtual bool UseDefaultCredentials
	{
		get { return SettingManager.GetSettingValue<bool>(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.UseDefaultCredentials); }
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Creates a new <see cref="SmtpEmailSenderConfiguration"/>.
	/// </summary>
	/// <param name="settingManager">Setting manager</param>
	public SmtpEmailSenderConfiguration(ISettingManager settingManager)
		: base(settingManager)
	{

	}
}

在这里我们可以看到这些配置项其实是通过一个名字叫做 GetNotEmptySettingValue() 的方法来得到的,该方法定义在 SmtpEmailSenderConfiguration 的基类 EmailSenderConfiguration 当中。

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public abstract class EmailSenderConfiguration : IEmailSenderConfiguration
{
	// 其他代码,已经省略

	/// <summary>
	/// Creates a new <see cref="EmailSenderConfiguration"/>.
	/// </summary>
	protected EmailSenderConfiguration(ISettingManager settingManager)
	{
		SettingManager = settingManager;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Gets a setting value by checking. Throws <see cref="AbpException"/> if it's null or empty.
	/// </summary>
	/// <param name="name">Name of the setting</param>
	/// <returns>Value of the setting</returns>
	protected string GetNotEmptySettingValue(string name)
	{
		var value = SettingManager.GetSettingValue(name);

		if (value.IsNullOrEmpty())
		{
			throw new AbpException($"Setting value for '{name}' is null or empty!");
		}

		return value;
	}
}

总而言之,如果你想要获取已经添加好的设置项,直接注入 ISettingManager 通过其 GetSettingValue() 就可以拿到这些设置项。

1.3 具体代码分析

Abp 系统设置相关的最核心的部分就是 ISettingManagerISettingDefinitionManagerISettingStoreSettingProviderSettingDefinition 下面就这几个类进行一些细致的解析。

1.3.1 SettingDefinition

在 Abp 当中,一个设置项就是一个 SettingDefinition,每个 SettingDefinition 的 Name 与 Value 是必填的,其中 Scopes 字段对应一个 SettingScopes 枚举,该属性用于确定这个设置项的使用应用范围。

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public class SettingDefinition
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Unique name of the setting.
	/// </summary>
	public string Name { get; private set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Display name of the setting.
	/// This can be used to show setting to the user.
	/// </summary>
	public ILocalizableString DisplayName { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// A brief description for this setting.
	/// </summary>
	public ILocalizableString Description { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Scopes of this setting.
	/// Default value: <see cref="SettingScopes.Application"/>.
	/// </summary>
	public SettingScopes Scopes { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Is this setting inherited from parent scopes.
	/// Default: True.
	/// </summary>
	public bool IsInherited { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Gets/sets group for this setting.
	/// </summary>
	public SettingDefinitionGroup Group { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Default value of the setting.
	/// </summary>
	public string DefaultValue { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Can clients see this setting and it's value.
	/// It maybe dangerous for some settings to be visible to clients (such as email server password).
	/// Default: false.
	/// </summary>
	[Obsolete("Use ClientVisibilityProvider instead.")]
	public bool IsVisibleToClients { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Client visibility definition for the setting.
	/// </summary>
	public ISettingClientVisibilityProvider ClientVisibilityProvider { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Can be used to store a custom object related to this setting.
	/// </summary>
	public object CustomData { get; set; }
    
    public SettingDefinition(
            string name,
            string defaultValue,
            ILocalizableString displayName = null,
            SettingDefinitionGroup group = null,
            ILocalizableString description = null,
            SettingScopes scopes = SettingScopes.Application,
            bool isVisibleToClients = false,
            bool isInherited = true,
            object customData = null,
            ISettingClientVisibilityProvider clientVisibilityProvider = null)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
        }

        Name = name;
        DefaultValue = defaultValue;
        DisplayName = displayName;
        Group = @group;
        Description = description;
        Scopes = scopes;
        IsVisibleToClients = isVisibleToClients;
        IsInherited = isInherited;
        CustomData = customData;

        ClientVisibilityProvider = new HiddenSettingClientVisibilityProvider();

        if (isVisibleToClients)
        {
            ClientVisibilityProvider = new VisibleSettingClientVisibilityProvider();
        }
        else if (clientVisibilityProvider != null)
        {
            ClientVisibilityProvider = clientVisibilityProvider;
        }
    }
}

1.3.2 ISettingManager

首先我们看一下 ISettingManager 的默认实现 SettingManager

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public class SettingManager : ISettingManager, ISingletonDependency
{
	public const string ApplicationSettingsCacheKey = "ApplicationSettings";

	/// <summary>
	/// Reference to the current Session.
	/// </summary>
	public IAbpSession AbpSession { get; set; }

	/// <summary>
	/// Reference to the setting store.
	/// </summary>
	public ISettingStore SettingStore { get; set; }

	private readonly ISettingDefinitionManager _settingDefinitionManager;
	private readonly ITypedCache<string, Dictionary<string, SettingInfo>> _applicationSettingCache;
	private readonly ITypedCache<int, Dictionary<string, SettingInfo>> _tenantSettingCache;
	private readonly ITypedCache<string, Dictionary<string, SettingInfo>> _userSettingCache;

	/// <inheritdoc/>
	public SettingManager(ISettingDefinitionManager settingDefinitionManager, ICacheManager cacheManager)
	{
		_settingDefinitionManager = settingDefinitionManager;

		AbpSession = NullAbpSession.Instance;
		SettingStore = DefaultConfigSettingStore.Instance;

		_applicationSettingCache = cacheManager.GetApplicationSettingsCache();
		_tenantSettingCache = cacheManager.GetTenantSettingsCache();
		_userSettingCache = cacheManager.GetUserSettingsCache();
	}
}

可以看到在这里面,他注入了 ISetingStoreISettingDefinitionManager ,并且使用了三个 ITypedCache 来为这些设置进行一个缓存。

下面这个 GetSettingValueAsync() 方法则是获取一个指定名称的设置值。

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public Task<string> GetSettingValueAsync(string name)
{
    return GetSettingValueInternalAsync(name, AbpSession.TenantId, AbpSession.UserId);
}

private async Task<string> GetSettingValueInternalAsync(string name, int? tenantId = null, long? userId = null, bool fallbackToDefault = true)
{
    // 获取指定 Name 的 SettingDefine
    var settingDefinition = _settingDefinitionManager.GetSettingDefinition(name);

    // 判断该设置项的使用范围是否为 User
    if (settingDefinition.Scopes.HasFlag(SettingScopes.User) && userId.HasValue)
    {
        var settingValue = await GetSettingValueForUserOrNullAsync(new UserIdentifier(tenantId, userId.Value), name);
        if (settingValue != null)
        {
            return settingValue.Value;
        }

        if (!fallbackToDefault)
        {
            return null;
        }

        if (!settingDefinition.IsInherited)
        {
            return settingDefinition.DefaultValue;
        }
    }

    // 判断该设置项的使用范围是否为 Tenant
    if (settingDefinition.Scopes.HasFlag(SettingScopes.Tenant) && tenantId.HasValue)
    {
        var settingValue = await GetSettingValueForTenantOrNullAsync(tenantId.Value, name);
        if (settingValue != null)
        {
            return settingValue.Value;
        }

        if (!fallbackToDefault)
        {
            return null;
        }

        if (!settingDefinition.IsInherited)
        {
            return settingDefinition.DefaultValue;
        }
    }

    // 判断该设置项的使用范围是否为 Application
    if (settingDefinition.Scopes.HasFlag(SettingScopes.Application))
    {
        var settingValue = await GetSettingValueForApplicationOrNullAsync(name);
        if (settingValue != null)
        {
            return settingValue.Value;
        }

        if (!fallbackToDefault)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

    // 如果都没有定义,则返回默认的设置值
    return settingDefinition.DefaultValue;
}

这里又为每个判断内部封装了一个方法,这里以 GetSettingValueForApplicationOrNullAsync() 为例,转到其定义:

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private async Task<SettingInfo> GetSettingValueForApplicationOrNullAsync(string name)
{
    return (await GetApplicationSettingsAsync()).GetOrDefault(name);
}

private async Task<Dictionary<string, SettingInfo>> GetApplicationSettingsAsync()
{
    // 从缓存当中获取设置信息,如果不存在,则执行其工厂方法
	return await _applicationSettingCache.GetAsync(ApplicationSettingsCacheKey, async () =>
	{
		var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, SettingInfo>();
		
        // 从 ISettingStore 当中获取对应的 Value 值
		var settingValues = await SettingStore.GetAllListAsync(null, null);
		foreach (var settingValue in settingValues)
		{
			dictionary[settingValue.Name] = settingValue;
		}

		return dictionary;
	});
}

1.3.3 ISettingDefinitionManager

这个管理器作用最开始已经说明了,就是单纯的获取到用户注册到 Providers 里面的 SettingDefinition

1.3.4 SettingProvider

SettingProvider 用于开发人员配置自己的配置项,所有的设置提供者只需要继承自本类,实现其 GetSettingDefinitions 方法即可。

1.3.5 ISettingStore

本类用于设置项值的存储,其本身并不做设置项的新增,仅仅是相同的名称的设置项,优先从 ISettingStore 当中进行获取,如果不存在的话,才会使用开发人员在 SettingProvider 定义的值。

Abp 项目默认的 DefaultConfigSettingStore 实现并不会进行任何实质性的操作,只有 Zero.Common 项目当中重新实现的 SettingStore 类才是针对这些设置的值进行了持久化操作。

2.扩展:Abp.MailKit 模块配置

如果要在 .NetCore 环境下面使用邮件发送的话,首先推荐的就是 MailKit 这个库,而 Abp 针对 MailKit 库封装了一个新的模块,叫做 Abp.MailKit ,只需要进行简单的设置就可以发送邮件了。

在需要使用的模块上面添加:

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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpMailKitModule))]
public class TestModule : AbpModule
{
	// 其他代码
}

之后需要自己定义一个 SettingProvider 并且在里面做好 SMTP 发件服务器配置:

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public class DevEmailSettings : SettingProvider
{
	public override IEnumerable<SettingDefinition> GetSettingDefinitions(SettingDefinitionProviderContext context)
    {
            return new[]
            {
            	// smtp 服务器地址
                new SettingDefiniion(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Host, "smtpserver"),
                // smtp 用户名称
                new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.UserName, "yourusername"),
                // smtp 服务端口
                new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Port, "25"),
                // smtp 用户密码
                new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.Password, "yourpassword"),
                // 发件人邮箱地址
                new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.DefaultFromAddress, "youremailaddress"),
                // 是否启用默认验证
                new SettingDefinition(EmailSettingNames.Smtp.UseDefaultCredentials,"false")
        };
    }
}

然后在之前的模块预加载当中添加这个 Provider 到全局设置当中:

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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpMailKitModule))]
public class TestModule : AbpModule
{
	public override void PreInitialize()
    {
    	Configuration.Settings.Providers.Add<DevEmailSettings>();
    }
}

发送邮件十分简单,直接在需要使用的地方注入 IEmailSender 调用其 Send 或者 SendAsync 方法即可,下面是一个例子:

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public class TestApplicationService : ApplicationService
{
	private readonly IEmailSender _emailSender;
	
	public TestApplicationService(IEmailSender emailSender)
    {
    	_emailSender = emailSender;
    }
    
    public Task TestMethod()
    {
    	_emailSender.Send("xxxxxx@qq.com","无主题","测试正文",false);
    	return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

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